Title: Cough in Children - AAFP
Description:
This article from the American Academy of Family Physicians discusses the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of cough in children.
Coughing is a common symptom in children that can be caused by a variety of conditions. While most cases of cough in children are mild and self-limiting, it is important for parents to be aware of the potential causes and when to seek medical attention. This article will provide an overview of the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of cough in children.
Causes of Cough in Children:
There are many possible causes of cough in children, including respiratory infections, allergies, asthma, and irritants in the environment. Common respiratory infections that can cause cough in children include the common cold, bronchiolitis, croup, and pneumonia. Allergies to pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or mold can also trigger coughing in children with allergic sensitivities. Asthma is another common cause of cough in children, characterized by wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Irritants in the environment, such as tobacco smoke, air pollution, or strong odors, can also lead to coughing in children.
Diagnosis of Cough in Children:
When evaluating a child with a cough, healthcare providers will typically take a detailed medical history, perform a physical examination, and may order additional tests to determine the underlying cause. The duration and characteristics of the cough, presence of other symptoms, exposure to potential triggers, and family history of respiratory conditions are important factors to consider. Physical examination may reveal signs of respiratory distress, such as wheezing, nasal congestion, or a rattling sound in the chest. In some cases, healthcare providers may order diagnostic tests, such as a chest X-ray, pulmonary function tests, or allergy testing, to aid in diagnosis.
Treatment of Cough in Children:
The treatment of cough in children depends on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms. In many cases, cough due to viral respiratory infections will resolve on its own without specific treatment. However, supportive measures such as adequate hydration, rest, and humidification may help alleviate symptoms. Over-the-counter medications, such as cough suppressants or expectorants, may be used in some cases to relieve coughing. In children with asthma or allergies, medications such as inhaled corticosteroids, bronchodilators, or antihistamines may be prescribed to manage symptoms. It is important for parents to follow the healthcare provider's recommendations for treatment and follow-up care to ensure the child's cough resolves effectively.
In conclusion, cough is a common symptom in children that can be caused by a variety of conditions, including respiratory infections, allergies, asthma, and environmental irritants. Proper evaluation and diagnosis by a healthcare provider are essential to determine the underlying cause of the cough and guide appropriate treatment. By understanding the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of cough in children, parents can help their child manage symptoms effectively and promote respiratory health.
