Signs and Symptoms of Kawasaki Disease
Kawasaki disease is a rare but serious condition that primarily affects children under the age of 5. While the exact cause of Kawasaki disease is unknown, it is believed to be linked to an abnormal immune response to an infection or other environmental trigger. This disease can lead to inflammation in the blood vessels throughout the body, including the coronary arteries which supply blood to the heart. Without prompt treatment, Kawasaki disease can result in serious complications such as heart problems.
Learning to recognize the signs and symptoms of Kawasaki disease is crucial for early detection and treatment. Here, we will discuss the common signs and symptoms of Kawasaki disease that parents and caregivers should be aware of.
1. High Fever
One of the hallmark symptoms of Kawasaki disease is a persistent high fever that lasts for at least five days. The fever is typically higher than 102.2°F (39°C) and may not respond to typical fever-reducing medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
2. Rash
Children with Kawasaki disease often develop a rash that can vary in appearance. The rash may be red, blotchy, or raised, and it may appear on the trunk, limbs, face, or genital area. The rash is usually not itchy and may come and go during the course of the illness.
3. Red Eyes
Another common symptom of Kawasaki disease is redness and inflammation of the eyes, known as conjunctivitis. The whites of the eyes may appear red or bloodshot, and the eyes may be watery or sensitive to light.
4. Swollen Lymph Nodes
Children with Kawasaki disease may also experience swelling of the lymph nodes, particularly in the neck area. The lymph nodes may feel tender or painful to the touch.
5. Swollen Hands and Feet
In addition to swollen lymph nodes, children with Kawasaki disease may develop swelling in their hands and feet. This swelling may be accompanied by redness or peeling of the skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
6. Irritability
Children with Kawasaki disease may exhibit increased irritability or fussiness, which can be a sign of the underlying inflammation affecting their bodies.
7. Peeling Skin
As the fever subsides, some children with Kawasaki disease may experience peeling of the skin, particularly on the hands and feet. The skin may peel in large sheets, similar to a sunburn.
8. Joint Pain
Some children with Kawasaki disease may experience joint pain or swelling, particularly in the knees and ankles. This joint pain is typically mild and may come and go.
9. Abdominal Pain
In some cases, children with Kawasaki disease may develop abdominal pain, vomiting, or diarrhea. These gastrointestinal symptoms may be mistaken for a stomach virus or other digestive issue.
10. Heart Problems
In severe cases of Kawasaki disease, the inflammation in the blood vessels can lead to complications such as coronary artery aneurysms, which are bulges in the blood vessels that can increase the risk of heart attack or stroke. It is essential to seek prompt medical attention if your child develops any symptoms of Kawasaki disease, especially if they persist for more than a few days.
If your child exhibits any of the signs and symptoms of Kawasaki disease, it is important to seek medical evaluation promptly. A pediatrician or pediatric cardiologist can perform a physical exam, review your child's medical history, and order tests such as bloodwork, echocardiography, and electrocardiography to confirm a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. Early treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin can help reduce the risk of complications and improve outcomes for children with Kawasaki disease.
In conclusion, Kawasaki disease is a serious illness that requires prompt recognition and treatment to prevent potential complications. By being aware of the signs and symptoms of Kawasaki disease, parents and caregivers can play a crucial role in ensuring that children receive the care they need to recover from this condition. If you suspect that your child may have Kawasaki disease, do not hesitate to contact your healthcare provider for further evaluation and management.
