Kawasaki Disease - Dermnet
Introduction
Kawasaki disease is a rare childhood illness that causes inflammation in the walls of medium-sized arteries throughout the body. It was first described by Japanese pediatrician Tomisaku Kawasaki in 1967 and has since become recognized as a serious condition that primarily affects children under the age of five. This article from Dermnet provides an overview of the condition, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Symptoms
Kawasaki disease typically begins with a high fever that lasts for at least five days. This fever is often accompanied by other symptoms, including redness and swelling of the hands and feet, a rash on the trunk of the body, bloodshot eyes, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. In some cases, children with Kawasaki disease may also develop a red, swollen tongue known as "strawberry tongue."
Diagnosis
Diagnosing Kawasaki disease can be challenging because the symptoms are similar to those of other childhood illnesses, such as scarlet fever and measles. However, there are specific criteria that doctors use to make a diagnosis, including the presence of a fever lasting at least five days, as well as four out of five other symptoms: redness and swelling of the hands and feet, a rash on the trunk of the body, bloodshot eyes, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, and strawberry tongue.
In addition to these symptoms, doctors may also perform blood tests to check for signs of inflammation and heart damage, as well as an echocardiogram to assess the function of the heart and blood vessels. In some cases, a coronary angiogram may be necessary to get a more detailed look at the arteries.
Treatment
The main goal of treatment for Kawasaki disease is to reduce inflammation in the walls of the arteries and prevent complications, such as coronary artery aneurysms. This typically involves a combination of medications, including high-dose aspirin to reduce fever and inflammation, as well as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to help modulate the immune response.
In some cases, children with Kawasaki disease may also be treated with corticosteroids to further reduce inflammation, as well as other medications to help manage symptoms such as pain and swelling. If complications develop, such as coronary artery aneurysms, additional treatments may be necessary, including anticoagulants to prevent blood clots and surgery to repair damaged arteries.
Prognosis
With prompt and appropriate treatment, most children with Kawasaki disease recover fully without any long-term complications. However, if the condition is not diagnosed and treated early, it can lead to serious complications, including coronary artery aneurysms that may increase the risk of heart attacks and other cardiovascular problems later in life.
It is important for parents and caregivers to be aware of the symptoms of Kawasaki disease and seek medical attention if they suspect their child may be affected. By working closely with healthcare providers, children with Kawasaki disease can receive the care they need to recover and thrive.
Conclusion
Kawasaki disease is a rare childhood illness that can have serious consequences if not diagnosed and treated promptly. By recognizing the symptoms and seeking medical attention early, parents and caregivers can help ensure the best possible outcome for children affected by this condition. If you suspect your child may have Kawasaki disease, be sure to consult with a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation and appropriate treatment. With the right care and support, children with Kawasaki disease can overcome this challenging condition and go on to lead healthy, happy lives.
